Investigate the inhibitory effects of plant secondary metabolites Compared with standard drugs on Mpro protease and spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking
Donya
Poy
PhD student of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
author
Masoud
Tohidfar
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
author
Mahda Sadat
Nasrollahzadeh
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,Pharmacy Faculty
author
text
article
2020
per
The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is one of the common factors of mortality worldwide in the 21st century. A lot of research is being done in the world with the aim of introducing new and effective SARS-COV-2 antiviral compounds, especially herbal compounds. The purpose of this study to screening main protease (Mpro) inhibitors and spike glycoprotein from among plant phenolic and terpenoid compounds using bioinformatics tools.Three dimension and chemical structures of virus proteins and plant phenolic and terpenoid compounds were retrieval from Protein Data Bank and Pubchem database respectively. Finally, plant compounds on the main protease (Mpro) and virus S virus, molecular docking was investigated using iGemdock 2.1 software and then,In the next step, physicochemical properties of the candidate plant compounds for permeability, solubility and gastrointestinal absorption were predicted using SwissADME software.4 terpenoid compounds, glycyrrhizic acid, Saikosaponin B2, Polyphyllin I and Withaferin A and 7 phenolic compounds, EGCG ، Rosmarinic acid ، Silibinin ، Chlorogenic acid ، Proanthocyanidin ، Procyanidin B2 , Anthocyanin with Strong binding energy compared to reference medicinal compounds such as Azithramycine and Remdesivir are good candidate for inhibiting spike Glycoprotein and the main protease of the virus (Mpro).According to results both phenolic and terpenoid compounds compared to standard chemical drugs had good inhibitory effects for Mpro proteinase and Spike glycoprotein virus and can be good candidates for in vitro and in vivo studies.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
421
438
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1898_7f89c36ff28285928feb31bdae960b57.pdf
Design and fabrication of injectable teicoplanin-loaded polymeric microcarriers
Ata
Tavakoli
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Shohreh
Mashayekhan
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
Hossein
Baniasadi
Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Zabihollah
Hasanzadeh
Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
The main goal of this research work is to design and fabricate an injectable biocompatible and biodegradable microcarrier (MC) for drug delivery into cartilages and bones. Suitable MCs composed of chitosan and gelatin were fabricated with syringe pump equipped with high voltage system. The MCs were crosslinked with sodium tri-polyphosphate (TPP) and the teicoplanin was loaded onto the samples. The crosslinking of the samples was confirmed using FTIR spectra and their morphology was investigated with SEM images. The results confirmed that the MCs were successfully crosslinked with TPP and spherical shaped samples with desired diameter for injection (35050 m) were achieved with flow rate and voltage of 300 µl/min and 8.5 kV, respectively. A thin layer of chitosan was covered onto the fabricated MCs in order to reduce the drug release rate. The result of release test showed that it was increased from 4 to 5 days for covered samples which is more suitable for the claimed application of fabricated MCs. The antimicrobial test was done on the fabricated teicoplanin-loaded MCs and the obtained results confirmed that the antimicrobial properties of drug were remained even after fabrication process. Overall, the obtained results support that the fabricated MCs have potential for using as drug release devices for treatment of cartilage infections.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
439
450
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1597_9f7007366c4f758f27c0d343ed0237f5.pdf
The effect of salt stress (NaCl) on physiological and antioxidant activities in salt susceptible and resistant lines of oily sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at seedling stage
Reza
Darvishzadeh
Urmia university
author
Alireza
Pirzad
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
author
text
article
2020
per
Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that restrict growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide. In the present study, the effects of salinity stress on physiological activities of two sunflower genotypes were investigated at seedling stage. The experiment was conducted as factorial (first factor, genotype at two levels: C64 and C68 and the second factor, salinity at 5 levels: 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS/m) based on completely randomized design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that genotype × salt interaction was significant on proline, total chlorophyll and guaiacol peroxidase activity. With increasing salinity level, the content of proline and malondialdehyde increased. On the other hand, net photosynthesis rate and total chlorophyll content decreased. In this study, by applying salt stress, the total chlorophyll content decreased in both genotypes, but the reduction was higher in susceptible genotype (C64) than tolerant (C86) one. Also, with increasing salinity level, the amount of guaiacol peroxidase increased in tolerant genotype (C86) compared to susceptible (C64) one. According to the results of this experiment, different responses of C64 and C68 genotypes under salt stress are confirmed at the molecular level. Therefore, the above mentioned genotypes can be used in developing tolerant hybrid cultivars.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
451
464
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1596_d0aa5e018fc956848320eb6bb31b7793.pdf
Isolation and Sequencing of Flowering locus T (FT) homologous gene in Lepidium sativum L.: a Phylogeny study of its deduced protein
Mahboubeh
Sheikhbahaei
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Farkhondeh
Rezanejad
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Hoseinali
Sasan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Hadi
Ravan
Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
The transition to flowering is a major phase change in life cycle of plants. Flowering locus T (FT) gene is the final signaling target gene of the photoperiod pathway that promotes flowering. FT protein is a major component of flowering hormone (florigen). This study was performed to identify FT homologus gene in garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Total RNA was isolated from young leaf tissues of L. sativum in reproductive phase and was used for first-strand cDNA synthesis. The specific primers were designed based on nucleotide sequence alignment of FT homologus genes from other plants and were used in RT-PCR. The RT-PCR product were purified and sequenced. The results indicated amplification of 294 nucleotides fragment that was named LsFT and registered in NCBI database with access number KP070729. This part of FT gene codes major part of phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding Protein (PEBP) domain of FT protein that is conserved in amino acid sequence in many plants. Comparison of this deduced protein with FT homologous proteins from other species showed %61 to %94 identity. According to these results, LsFT can play a similar role as FT in flowering induction and could act as a flowering inducer gene in Lepidium sativum L.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
465
473
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1615_1102200a2e4f8d32c901064d122909a9.pdf
Expression and purification of recombinant immunogenic protein containing Shigella dysentery Virulence Factors
hossein
tarrahimofrad
Genetic & Animal breeding group, Animal Science and Food Technology Depatment, Ramin Agriculture and Natural, Resoures University of Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
author
Shahram
Nazarian
Center of Biosciences Research, Basic Sciences Department, University of Imam Hossein (AS), Tehran, Iran
author
amir
meimandipour
Animal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Introduction:Shigella dysentery is a biological agent that causes bloody diarrhea. Making an effective immunogen against bacteria is essential by emergence of antibiotic resistance . Binding, invasive and toxin factors are one of the most important vaccine candidates against Shigella dysentery. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to express recombinant Immunogenic Chimeric with Shigella Dysenteric Virulence Factors.Methods:Chimer gene coder optimization was performed with OPTIMIZER software. The gene constructs were cloned in pET32a vector. The recombinant plasmid was transferred to E. coli BL21 DE3 cells and expression of the recombinant protein was induced using IPTG. The recombinant protein was purified by chromatography and was evaluated with western blotting.Results:The codon compatibility index (CAI) for the natural gene was 0.67, while the optimized gene had an index of 0.9. The enzymatic analysis confirmed the accuracy of the chimer gene cloning in the vector. The expression of recombinant protein in E. coli caused the production of a recombinant protein of 80 kDa. Western blotting showed the reaction of recombinant protein with anti-histidine antibody. The amount of purified protein of the culture medium was 2.5 mg/ml.Conclusion:The expression of the recombinant chimeric protein with 80 kDa in E.coli host and its purification was successfully carried out. The recombinant chimeric protein can be injected or loaded onto nanoparticles to evaluate oral and injectable immunizations.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
474
483
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1591_bf7a47e284e669c62b19c13865f8c721.pdf
Association analysis for yield and plant characteristics in Iranian flax genotypes (Linum usitatissimum L.) using IRAP and REMAP markers
Hossein
Abbasi Holasou
University of Tabriz
author
Babak
Abdollahi Mandoulakani
Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. of Iran.
author
Abdollah
Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh
Seed and Plant Improvement Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural, and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
The identification of polymorphic markers associated with various quantitative traits allows us to test their performance for the exploitation of the extensive quantitative variation maintained in gene banks. In the current investigation, 7 IRAP and 13 REMAP primers and mixed linear model (MLM)-based association analysis was used to identify molecular markers associated with 20 agro-morphological traits in cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Agro-morphological traits studied, were plant height, primary stem weight, secondary stem weight, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of capsules per primary stem, number of capsules per secondary stem, weight of primary stem capsules, weight of secondary stem capsules, leaf weight, thousand seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, days to growing, days to flowering, days to capsuling, oil, protein, and nitrogen percentages. Analysis of population structure revealed two possible subgroups (K=2) in the studied population. Fst mean values of the groups were relatively high, indicating remarkable differentiation among the groups. Association analysis using mixed linear model (MLM) identified 21 loci significantly (p < 0.01) associated with agro-morphological traits. The maximum number of associated loci was identified for leaf weight. LTR1833-LTR1868-3 marker was associated with harvest index, protein and nitrogen percentage. The results of the current study could be as a starting point for using MAS in flax breeding programs.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
484
495
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1598_09ef272dacda4f478d296898f369b29e.pdf
Genetic Structure of Soybean Landraces (Glycin max (L.) Merr.) and its Changes During On-Farm Conservation
Mohammad Reza
Abbasi
Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan-e Razavi, Agricultural- Research-Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, I.R.of Iran
author
Shuichi
Fukuoka
Plant Genetic Diversity Lab., National Plant Genebank, National Institute for Agrobiological Science, Tsukuba, Japan
author
Kaworu
Ebana
Plant Genetic Diversity Lab., National Plant Genebank, National Institute for Agrobiological Science, Tsukuba, Japan
author
text
article
2020
per
One of the main issues in plant breeding is the knowledge of situation of conservation in plant genetic resources. This research was conducted to study on on-farm conservation efficiency by using molecular markers and morpho-phenological traits in soybean landraces. The subjected plants had been collected in two times with 10 years intervals. Twenty-eight accessions were planted in a field and subsequently characterized their traits according to standard descriptors. Eighty samples of DNA were extracted by the CTAB method, then RAPDs fragments were produced using 24 10-mer(base) selected-primes. Data was used in the cluster analysis as well as to estimate genetic variability within accessions using NTSYS and SPSS softwares. These analyses showed the genetic relationships among accessions. In the dendrogram, only in one accession the individuals in the new and old accessions appeared in the different clusters. These two accessions were different in their morpho-phenological traits too. Genetic variability coefficients in the new landraces were higher than the old ones, exception to one landrace. As soybean is highly self-pollinated (99.9%) crop, high genetic variability in the new landraces could not due to allo-pollination by foreign pollen. But, it could be because of seed exchange by farmers. In this research was shown that the genetic variability coefficient within the improved line is too much less than landraces. Also, this research showed that on-farm conservation could not conserve genotypes, on the other hand this type of conservation will cause some changes in genetic structures of genetic resources during the times.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
496
508
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1601_498c689f2edfbfc47e6a02d000e60a9b.pdf
effect of selenium and molasses on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yield of bioethanol production
sara
faramarzi
. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
author
younes
anzabi
. Department of Pathobiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
author
hoda
Jafarizadeh-Malmiri
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Bioethanol is used as substitute fuel to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, ensure energy security and reduce the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption to the economy and the environment sugar beet Malass are very good raw materials for ethanol production due to their content of fermentable sugars, which can be directly used for fermentation without any modification. Previous studies have shown that Selenium enriched yeast (Se-yeast) is a good carrier for selenium biotransformation. Therefore one of the most economical sources of organic selenium is yeast grown in a selenium-enriched culture medium.The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of selenium on the yield of bioethanol production and achieve the bioethanol with highest concentration, and compare the concentration of produced bioethanol, using S. cerevisiae, at obtained optimum condition with and without using selenium. For preparation of the growth media molasses was sterilized. After addition of the 0.3 g of the S. cerevisiae strain, SFO6 for the nutrition in molasses as fermentation media was enriched by addition of 500 and 250 ppm of (NH4)2HPO4 and urea, respectively and different amount of selenium (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 μg).The effect of different amounts of selenium and molasses on bioethanol yield was investigated. Obtained results revealed that maximum bioethanol concentration (80g/L) was achieved using 20μg selenium and molasses with 25°Bx. S. cerevisiae is a good option for increasing bioethanol production efficiency from selenium-enriched sugar beet molasses
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
509
519
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1753_989595b90b0fb772437e48cf41b83e9d.pdf
Trend of polyamine changes in the early stages of maize (zea mays L.) growth under cadmium stress
Mojgan
Latifi
Department of Plant Sciences,Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C.,Tehran, Iran
author
Seyedeh Batool
Hassani
Department of Plant sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of life sciences and biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
author
Hassani
Rezadoost
Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G.C.,Tehran, Iran
author
Neda
Nasiri Almanghadim
Department of Plant Sciences,Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C.,Tehran, Iran
author
Sara
Jafari
Department of Plant Sciences,Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C.,Tehran, Iran
author
Françoise
Bernard
Department of Plant Sciences,Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C.,Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Heavy metals stress (cadmium stress) is one of the most important factors which lead to reduction of plant growth and productivity of agricultural products. One of the plant responses to heavy metal stresses is changes in polyamines contents in plants. Regarding the economic importance of maize, the effects of cadmium stress on seed germination, plant growth parameters and polyamines contents (putrescin, spermidine and spermine) were investigated in 3 days-old seedlings and the roots after 6, 12, 15 and 20 days. Polyamines analysis was performed by HPTLC. The results indicated that cadmium stress in maize is the cause of delay in seed germination and decreased plant growth parameters. Cadmium stress increased the total polyamine content as a result of 35% increase of the putrescine in 3 days-old seedlings. In general, a significant increase of putrescine was observed in the roots of the 6 days-old- and 15 days-old plants under cadmium stress. While the highest amount of spermine and spermidine was in the root of the 12 days-old plants under cadmium stress. Roots of the 15-days-old plant showed the highest content and translocation factor of cadmium. These results suggest that the changes in the amount of polyamines in maize plant under cadmium stress depend on the cadmium absorption by the plant root and the type of polyamines.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
520
530
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1579_c7aab7546e22a708f1b3e72a99156ae1.pdf
Bioassay detection of some benzene derivatives using luminescent bacterium Vibrio sp. MM1 isolated from the Caspian Sea
Mojtaba
Mohseni
University of Mazandaran
author
Seyede Fariba
Pourseyed
MSc in Microbiology, University of Mazandaran
author
Mohammad Javad
Chaichi
University of Mazandaran
author
text
article
2020
per
Presence of different organic pollutions including benzene and its derivatives in water and wastewater has become a major concern. Cytotoxicity assay based on bacterial luminescence inhibition is useful method for detection of pollutants in the environment. Purpose of this study was the detection of some benzene derivatives using cytotoxicity assay based on luminescence inhibition of native Vibrio MM1 isolated from the Caspian Sea. In order to conduct the toxicity test, different concentration of some benzene derivatives was added individually to the growth culture of Vibrio MM1. The cytotoxicity of benzene derivatives was measured by considering the reduction of Vibrio MM1 luminescence using a luminometer. The results showed that the luminescent intensity of MM1 was significant reduced in the presence of benzene derivatives, so that a very low concentrations of benzene derivatives until 10-18 mgL-1 were measured. In addition, the EC50 value were measured 3.4×10-14 , 7.83×10 -13, 1.29×10 -8, 2.91×10 -9, 1.82 ×10 -5, 3.82× 10-8, 2.9×10-3 , 2×10-4, and 8.3 ×10-3 mgL-1 for benzene, ethylbenzene, bromobenzen, chlorobenzen, aniline, chlorophenol, nitrobenzene, resorcinol and pyrocatechol, respectively. To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of benzene derivatives, T1/2 parameter was calculated for each concentration. These results demonstrated that the concentration of 1.7×10-7 mgL-1 ethylbenzene and 1.9×10-8 mgL-1 nitrobenzene had the highest acute and chronic toxicity with the T1/2 values of 15.6 and 471.9 seconds, respectively. The results of current study indicated that the native luminescent Vibrio sp. MM1 can be useful for detection and cytotoxicity assessment of environmental pollutants including benzene derivatives.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
531
541
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1759_f6cdbb591e91e588cf7d1097d7b02104.pdf
Optimization of keratinase production by a native isolate, Bacillus sp FUM120, using one factor at a time methodology
roqayeh
moridshahi
Biology dep.
author
Masoumeh
Bahreini
Biology Dep., Science Faculty, Ferdowsi Uni., of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
mirza mohammadreza
Sharifmoghadam
Biology Dep. Science Faculty, Ferdowsi Uni. of Mashhad
author
Ahmad
Asoodeh
Chemistery Dep. Science Faculty ferdowsi Uni. of Mashhad
author
Behnaz
Korouzhdehi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2020
per
Nowadays, demand for Keratinase enzyme with the industrial application is increasing due to the extensive use of this enzyme in various fields including, animal feed, leather industry, water treatment, medicine, and pharmacy. In the present study, Keratinase production was examined and optimized in FUM120 Keratinolytic strain isolated from a poultry farm in Mashhad. Using of Azokeratin substrate, it was determined that the isolate produces the most in the 72nd hours of its growth with the amount of 49.965 U/ml. Then, In order to increase the production of keratinase, the single-variable optimization of parameters, temperature, pH, substrate concentration, extra carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum size and aeration rates were done and it was determined that pH:10.5 and 0.6% concentration of ammonium chloride, as an additional source of nitrogen, at 37 °C had a significant effect on keratinolytic activity and increased the enzyme production by more than 2 times. In addition, the isolate was able to produce the high level of enzyme in the presence of 50% aeration without the addition of carbon source. Finally, enzyme production reached to 117/45 U/ml and the enzyme unit showed an increase of 2.34 fold compared to the beginning of the optimization. The morphological studies and the gene sequence of 16SrRNA determined that FUM120 belongs to the genus Bacillus and shows 100 % similarity to Bacillus pumilus ATCC 7061.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
542
554
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1594_420ca87de5ef5625d74b90c69f8bcdb5.pdf
From Folding Pathway of Hemagglutinin to Influenza Prevalence in Iran, A Computational Approach
Hamid
Hadi-Alijanvand
Department of Biological Sciences,
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS),
Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Influenza virus is one of the most deleterious viruses that threaten human being for years. High deleterious effects of Flu virus root in its proficient epidemic mechanisms. Proficient mechanisms that Influenza virus has utilized are interesting for biologists with various research interests. Hemagglutinin (HA) is introduced as one of important Influenza virus proteins for viral infection cycle and virus pandemic potency. In current study, some structural and physicochemical parameters that describe the folding pathway of HA are studied by computational biophysics approaches for the first time. Presented computations are performed to analyze HA protein from worldwide Flu-positive cases between 2005 and 2016. The noted computations are performed to find possible relation between Flu epidemic in Iran and molecular characteristics of HA. The results of current study suggest that there is a direct correlation between the proficiency of HA folding pathway and HA antigenicity and virus epidemic in Iran territory. The results suggest that there is a correlation between the changes in HA stability in membrane and its antigenicity. The results of current study may help researchers to develop models for prediction of incoming Flu pandemic and design molecules for targeting influenza pandemic.
Cellular and Molecular Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)
Iraninan Biology Society
2383-2738
33
v.
4
no.
2020
555
566
https://cell.ijbio.ir/article_1599_9c3975f7004f390bfaed2d3a45c62c1e.pdf